The human ACE2 gene is located on chromosome Xp22. The two enzymes are involved in maintaining the homeostasis of RAS and in regulating blood pressure as well as the fluid and salt balance. Therefore, ACE2 is a negative regulator of classical ACE in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). In contrast, Ang (1-7), acting on Mas receptors (MasR), is a potent vasodilator, anti-apoptotic, and anti-proliferative agent ( Figure 1).
It is well-known that Ang II, acting on AT1 receptors, exerts powerful vasoconstrictor, pro-fibrotic, and pro-inflammatory effects. In particular, the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 (the beta-coronavirus responsible for Covid-19) is processed by transmembrane protease-serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and favors the binding of the spike protein to ACE2 ( 1– 3).
Coronavirus uses ACE2 as a cellular receptor to invade target cells. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an aminopeptidase that converts Angiotensin (Ang) II into Ang (1-7).
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